ron
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Post by ron on Jan 17, 2017 14:36:16 GMT -8
Hello,
I try to understand the taxonomy of P. bianor, P. dehaanii and P. okinawensis (if valid).
I know there is a lot of synonyms, especially with P. polyctor becomming part of P. bianor ssp and P. dehaanii becoming a species.
And what about P. okinawensis? Is it considered as a bianor ssp. or as another species?
I've read older posts on this forum that offers very interesting parts of answers.
But i must admit I still feel lost! Any help would be much appreciated!
Many thanks,
Best Regards,
Ron
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Post by Adam Cotton on Jan 18, 2017 6:12:50 GMT -8
The main confusion is about the name okinawensis which comes from a group of small Japanese islands (Yaeyama Is.) near Taiwan in Okinawa Prefecture, but not from Okinawa Island itself which is between Yaeyama and the main Japanese islands. Many people assume from the name alone that okinawensis must come from Okinawa Island, which is incorrect. As a result the taxon from that island was named ryukyuensis after the other name for the islands in that area. It is actually ryukyuensis that may possibly be a third species in the Papilio bianor complex. The true okinawensis from the Yaeyama Islands (Ishigaki and Iriomote are the larger, better known islands in this group) is conspecific with Papilio bianor, whereas ryukyuensis is probably best treated as conspecific with Papilio dehaanii.
Here is a synonymy of the group (without aberrations and incorrect spellings):
Papilio bianor Cramer, 1777
ssp. polyctor Boisduval, 1836 (Cashmere)
= peeroza (Moore, 1882) (Dharmsala)
ssp. ganesa Doubleday, 1842 (Nepal; Assam)
ssp. gladiator Fruhstorfer, 1902 (Chiem-Hoa, Tonkin)
= triumphator Fruhstorfer, 1902 (Assam)
= titus Fruhstorfer, 1909 (Chiem-Hoa, Tonkin)
= connectens Mell, 1938 (Tali and Chaochow [= Fengyi], west Yunnan, 2100-2220 m.) [Junior Homonym]
= kingtungensis Lee, 1962 (Jingdong, Yunnan, 1170 m)
= xiei Chou, 1994 (Mengla, Yunnan)
ssp. significans Fruhstorfer, 1902 (Tandong, Tenasserim)
ssp. stockleyi Gabriel, 1936 (Hot Springs, Melamoung, W. Siam)
ssp. pinratanai Racheli & Cotton, 1983 (Khao Sa Bahp, Chantaburi Prov., Thailand)
ssp. bianor Cramer 1777 (China)
= elegans Chou, Yuan & Wang, 2000 (Lushan, Sichuan)
= pulcher Chou, Yuan & Wang, 2000 (Lushan, Sichuan)
= longimacula Wang & Niu, 2002 (Luoshan, Henan)
= simoni (Sturm, 2006) (China, Sichuan, Mt. Quiong-Lai)
ssp. thrasymedes Fruhstorfer, 1909 (Polisha, Chip-Chip-Kosempo, Formosa)
= formosanus Rebel, 1906 (Nordformosa, bei Tam-sui) [Junior Homonym]
= takasago Nakahara & Esaki, 1930 [Replacement Name]
= chengkon Chen, 1974
= kwashotoensis Lin & Su, 2013 (Lu Tao Island) [Nomen Nudum]
ssp. kotoensis Sonan, 1927 (Koto-Sho, Botel, Tobago Island)
ssp. okinawensis Fruhstorfer, 1898 (Liu-Kiu Inseln [=Ishigaki])
= junia Jordan, 1909 (Ishigaki-sima)
Papilio dehaanii C. Felder & R. Felder, 1864
ssp. ryukyuensis Fujioka, 1975 (Okinawa Islands, Japan)
ssp. amamiensis Fujioka, 1981 (Amami Island, Japan)
ssp. tokaraensis Fujioka, 1975 (Nakanoshima, Tokara Islands, Japan)
ssp. hachijonis Matsumura, 1919 (Hachijo Islands, Japan)
= utae (Sturm, 2006) (Japan, Miyake Jima)
ssp. dehaanii C. Felder & R. Felder, 1864
= japonica Butler, 1866 (Hakodadi)
= alliacmon de L’Orza, 1869
= paradoxa Nakahara, 1924 (Shimizu, Saghalien) [Junior Homonym]
= sachalinensis Matsumura, 1925 (South-Saghalien) [Junior Homonym]
= nakaharae Matsumura, 1929 [Replacement Name]
= koreanus Kotzsch, 1931
= kawauchii Nakamura, 1932 [Replacement Name for sachalinensis Matsumura, 1925]
= f. doii Matsumura, 1928 (Kuriles) [unavailable name]
ssp. ullungensis Kim & Park, 1991 (Ullungdo, Kyŏngpuk Prov, Korea)
I hope this clarifies the situation.
Adam.
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ron
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Post by ron on Jan 18, 2017 14:32:37 GMT -8
Dear Adam,
Thank you very much for this answer, particularly for explaining the okinawensis / ryukyuensis situation so precisely.
I had another question : does every p. bianor and p. dehaanii have distinct spring and summer form ?
Best Regards,
Ron
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leptraps
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Post by leptraps on Jan 18, 2017 17:17:39 GMT -8
I am amazed at your knowledge Adam. You cranked out the nomenclature/taxonomic history like it is no big deal. I have a hard time remembering the correct names of our to fat lazy cats.
You are incredible.
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Post by Deleted on Jan 18, 2017 18:41:40 GMT -8
Adam, I ......have......to agree w leptraps. U da man  |
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Post by Adam Cotton on Jan 19, 2017 9:55:22 GMT -8
Dear Adam, Thank you very much for this answer, particularly for explaining the okinawensis / ryukyuensis situation so precisely. I had another question : does every p. bianor and p. dehaanii have distinct spring and summer form ? Best Regards, Ron Always glad to help. Yes, there are distinct seasonal forms in both P. bianor and dehaanii although in a few subspecies, stockleyi in particular, the difference is less striking than in most. Generally the spring form is smaller and more brightly coloured, often with more distinct red submarginal lunules on the hindwings, whereas the summer form is much larger and darker. In tropical habitats where there are more than two generations per year there are intermediate generations between the spring form and summer forms. There is often also a partial emergence in autumn in the tropics of what look like spring form specimens. These are usually the parents of the smallest spring specimens, whereas the slightly larger spring specimens are the offspring of the summer generation which went straight into diapause. Adam. |
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Post by Adam Cotton on Jan 19, 2017 10:04:59 GMT -8
I am amazed at your knowledge Adam. You cranked out the nomenclature/taxonomic history like it is no big deal. I have a hard time remembering the correct names of our to fat lazy cats. You are incredible. Leroy and Bill, Thanks for the praise, but it is not quite as impressive as it would seem at first glance. I have been working for years on phylogeny of Papilionidae, and it happens that the Achillides species group is one that I have pretty much worked out (there may be a few tweaks still) as I was involved in a DNA study of the group a few years ago. Basically I just had to copy, paste and edit my working file for these species to post the details here for everyone's information. There is still a very large part of family Papilionidae that has not yet been compiled, and I can give much less detailed information for those, particularly the Neotropical and African species still need a lot of work before my files are reasonably compiled (I hesitate to use the word 'complete'). Adam. |
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ron
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Posts: 19
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Post by ron on Jan 19, 2017 14:20:56 GMT -8
Adam,
Thank you very much. I agree with leptraps, your knowledge is amazing! It is a goldmine for beginners like me.
Regarding the spring / summer form, is that right that it also occurs for p. maackii and p. dialis ? Is there any other Achillides species concerned by this phenomenon ?
Best Regards,
Ron
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Post by Adam Cotton on Jan 20, 2017 8:41:55 GMT -8
Most northern hemisphere Achillides group species have distinct spring and summer forms, including maackii, paris, dialis, chikae (and ssp. hermeli), but some species have less obvious generational colour differences such as arcturus and crino.
Species from equatorial regions such as ulysses, peranthus, palinurus and others tend to have less obvious distinct forms.
Of course it is also worth mentioning that many Lepidoptera from all round the world, both butterflies and moths, have seasonal forms.
Adam.
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ron
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Post by ron on Jan 22, 2017 12:55:21 GMT -8
Adam,
Many thanks for your answer! I'm learning a lot!
Best Regards,
Ron
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Post by jsmith5639 on Mar 19, 2020 17:24:10 GMT -8
Papilio bianor coreanus. Sir, Is Papilio bianor coreanus a valid subspecies? I've seen several references stating it is significantly larger than the nominate mainland China form. Spent some time in Korea. I am interested in your opinion on this subject. Thank you.
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Post by Adam Cotton on Mar 20, 2020 0:47:55 GMT -8
The name koreanus Kotzsch, 1931 is a junior synonym of Papilio dehaanii dehaanii - see my synonymy in the second post from the top. To clarify, Korean 'Papilio bianor' does not belong to that species, which occurs in mainland China and westwards.
The name coreanus with a 'c' does not exist in synonymy of Papilio dehaanii, but there is the name coreana Matsumura, 1927 for a subspecies of Sericinus montela.
Adam.
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Post by achillides on Jun 28, 2020 2:11:59 GMT -8
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Post by Adam Cotton on Jun 28, 2020 4:46:42 GMT -8
Specimens from Ishigaki belong to Papilio bianor okinawensis. Interestingly there is no Achillides on the next island east of Ishigaki, called Miyako, so there is a gap between true bianor on Ishigaki and ryukyuensis on Okinawa Island northeast of Miyako.
I should also mention that ryukyuensis is now often considered to be a separate species from dehaanii, occurring on Okinawa and Amami Islands.
Adam.
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Post by achillides on Jul 1, 2020 1:27:35 GMT -8
I was a little irritated. My knowledge is from 10 or 15 years ago.
First told junia, then okinawensis. Thought maybe ryukyuensis is right now!?
It is definitely a very interesting ssp., Reminiscent of both characteristics.
Female is from Omoto, so I tell bianor okinawensis.
Finally if a typhoon brought a ryukyuensis male to there. Could make it really complicated and without DNA test an endless storry.
At home we now call them just Galaxy Dust Swalltails. Haha 🙈
Under royal blue LED with UV filter shot. Also in flight they rock! 🤟🏻😆
Thanks
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